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International audience ; Imprescriptibility is a legal technique that allows lawyers to place certain things above the human condition.Through imprescriptibility, the law expresses the conviction that certain attributes, goods or actions are the work of something other than men or, at the very least, that they escape them. The slow and constant decline in the imprescriptibility of administrative law teaches that this technique does not mean timelessness. The study, therefore, explores the evolution of the different manifestations of imprescriptibility in administrative law. Because imprescriptibility is supposed to cover the most precious, the temporality of this technique betrays the inescapable change in the values underlying administrative law. The imprescriptibility of competences appears to be a latent rule, whereas there are no political or theoretical obstacles to its recognition today. There seems to be a structural incompatibility between the power to make administrative acts and extinctive prescription. Prolonged inaction can never be served as a renunciation here, because competence is not a possession of which the public body is the master. Paradoxically, in order not to degrade them, not to reduce them to objects of property, the imprescriptibility of competences remains unspoken. If on the contrary, the imprescriptibility of the public domain benefits from a solid foundation in positive law, its history is otherwise troubled. The apparitions and disappearances of the principle over time will have a lasting impact on the doctrine, instilling the conviction that imprescriptibility forms an extrinsic, contingent characteristic, and therefore difficult to justify in theory. In the 19th century, the thesis of "non-commercial goods" flourished, the ones that « Providence divided to everyone indiscriminately, such as air, light and water ». The idea of imprescriptibility by nature of the public domain offers a translation of the divine origin of these goods. The doctrine of imprescriptibility for the sole purpose of public domain dependencies, developed in the 20th century, warns of the end of the empire of natural law and the trivialisation of public goods. From now on, imprescriptibility, which only reflects human choices, no longer has an absolute and immutable character. The removal of the imprescriptibility of disciplinary proceedings by the law of 20 April 2016 confirms the disappearance of the sacred in administrative law. The imprescriptibility of disciplinary proceedings constituted a reminder of the timelessness of subjection, recognised in former public law. It was then impossible to avoid authority by prescription, which came from God. The banishment of the imprescriptibility of disciplinary action thus reflects a desacralization of hierarchical authority. ; L'imprescriptibilité constitue une technique juridique qui offre au juriste de placer certaines choses au-dessus de la condition humaine. A travers l'imprescriptibilité, le droit exprime la conviction que certains attributs, biens ou actions sont l'œuvre d'autre chose que des hommes ou, à tout le moins, qu'ils leur échappent.La lente et constante régression de l'imprescriptibilité en droit administratif enseigne que cette technique ne signifie pas l'intemporalité. L'étude explore donc l'évolution des différentes manifestations de l'imprescriptibilité en droit administratif. Parce que l'imprescriptibilité est supposée recouvrir le plus précieux, la temporalité de cette technique trahit l'inéluctable mutation des valeurs irriguant le droit administratif. L'imprescriptibilité des compétences apparaît comme une règle latente, alors qu'aucun obstacle politique ou théorique n'empêche aujourd'hui sa consécration. Il semble exister une incompatibilité structurelle entre le pouvoir de vouloir les actes administratifs et la prescription extinctive. L'inaction prolongée ne peut ici jamais recevoir la signification d'une renonciation, car la compétence n'est pas une possession dont l'organe est le maître. C'est paradoxalement pour ne pas les avilir, ne pas les réduire à des objets de propriété, que l'imprescriptibilité des compétences demeure inexprimée. Si l'imprescriptibilité du domaine public bénéficie à l'inverse d'un ancrage solide dans le droit positif, son histoire est autrement tourmentée. Les apparitions et disparitions du principe au gré des époques marqueront durablement la doctrine, en instillant la conviction que l'imprescriptibilité forme une caractéristique extrinsèque, contingente, et partant, difficile à justifier théoriquement. Au XIXe siècle, s'épanouit la thèse des « biens hors commerce », ceux que « la Providence départit à tous indistinctement, comme l'air, la lumière, l'eau ». L'idée d'une imprescriptibilité par nature du domaine public offre une traduction de l'origine divine de ces biens. La doctrine de l'imprescriptibilité à raison de la seule destination des dépendances du domaine public, développée au XXe siècle, avertit de la fin de l'empire du droit naturel et de la banalisation des biens publics. Désormais, l'imprescriptibilité, qui ne traduit que des choix humains, ne revêt plus de caractère absolu et immuable. La suppression de l'imprescriptibilité de l'action disciplinaire par la loi du 20 avril 2016 confirme l'évanouissement du sacré en droit administratif. L'imprescriptibilité de l'action disciplinaire constituait en effet une rémanence de l'intemporalité de la sujétion, reconnue dans l'ancien droit public. On ne pouvait alors se soustraire par la prescription à l'autorité, celle-ci procédant de Dieu. Le bannissement de l'imprescriptibilité de l'action disciplinaire traduit ainsi une désacralisation de l'autorité hiérarchique.

International audience ; Imprescriptibility is a legal technique that allows lawyers to place certain things above the human condition.Through imprescriptibility, the law expresses the conviction that certain attributes, goods or actions are the work of something other than men or, at the very least, that they escape them. The slow and constant decline in the imprescriptibility of administrative law teaches that this technique does not mean timelessness. The study, therefore, explores the evolution of the different manifestations of imprescriptibility in administrative law. Because imprescriptibility is supposed to cover the most precious, the temporality of this technique betrays the inescapable change in the values underlying administrative law. The imprescriptibility of competences appears to be a latent rule, whereas there are no political or theoretical obstacles to its recognition today. There seems to be a structural incompatibility between the power to make administrative acts and extinctive prescription. Prolonged inaction can never be served as a renunciation here, because competence is not a possession of which the public body is the master. Paradoxically, in order not to degrade them, not to reduce them to objects of property, the imprescriptibility of competences remains unspoken. If on the contrary, the imprescriptibility of the public domain benefits from a solid foundation in positive law, its history is otherwise troubled. The apparitions and disappearances of the principle over time will have a lasting impact on the doctrine, instilling the conviction that imprescriptibility forms an extrinsic, contingent characteristic, and therefore difficult to justify in theory. In the 19th century, the thesis of "non-commercial goods" flourished, the ones that « Providence divided to everyone indiscriminately, such as air, light and water ». The idea of imprescriptibility by nature of the public domain offers a translation of the divine origin of these goods. The doctrine of imprescriptibility for the sole ...

International audience ; This article explores the conditions for the emergence of a notion that has become central to administrative law, that of a victim. Until the early years of the 20th century, it was a simple element of everyday language, without any legal burden, that the administrative judge rarely used. At the same time, the doctrine shows a similar indifference towards the word victim and the reality it covers. It is then the legislator who imposes the victim's emblem on the French Conseil d'Etat and professors. A series of laws, adopted in the 1910's and providing for the compensation of serial damages, led to the emergence of a real victim vogue. The doctrine then returned to the original meaning of the victim, the sacrificial victim, the one that generates a social bond. Having become the object of administrative law, the object of doctrinal work as well as judicial decisions, the victim nevertheless struggles to become a legal person. The combined efforts of the legislator and the doctrine prevent the recognition of genuine subjective rights. At the end of this genealogical journey, the victim appears in administrative law as a separate instrument from that handled by the privatists. It is indeed presented as a "notion of mass", applied in a privileged way when repairing serial damage by laws deprived of any link to the idea of liability. It refers to the being whose suffering has its source in a particular cause, which moves the national community enough for the State to offer him/her at least partial compensation. The granting of victim status seems to be the prerogative of the legislator, the latter alone having the legitimacy to determine the causes that give meaning to suffering and the pains that cement the community. ; L'article explore les conditions d'émergence d'une notion devenue centrale en droit administratif, celle de victime. Jusqu'aux premières années du XXe siècle, elle est un simple élément du langage courant, sans charge juridique, que le juge administratif utilise rarement. A la même époque, la doctrine fait preuve d'une indifférence similaire à l'égard du mot victime et de la réalité qu'elle recouvre. C'est alors le législateur qui impose au Conseil d'Etat et aux professeurs l'emblème de la victime. Une série de lois, adoptées dans les années 1910 et prévoyant la réparation de dommages sériels, provoque l'apparition d'une véritable vogue victimale. La doctrine renoue alors avec la signification originelle de la victime, la victime sacrificielle, celle qui génère du lien social. Devenue objet du droit administratif, objet de travaux doctrinaux comme de décisions juridictionnelles, la victime peine pourtant à devenir un sujet de droit. Les efforts conjugués du législateur et de la doctrine empêchent en effet la reconnaissance de véritables droits subjectifs. A l'issue de ce parcours généalogique, la victime apparaît en droit administratif comme un instrument distinct de celui manié par les privatistes. Elle se présente en effet comme une « notion de masse », appliquée de façon privilégiée lors de la réparation de dommages sériels par des lois privées de tout lien avec l'idée de responsabilité. Elle désigne l'être dont la souffrance puise sa source dans une cause particulière, qui émeut suffisamment la communauté nationale pour que l'Etat lui offre un dédommagement, au moins partiel. L'octroi de la qualité de victime semble être l'apanage du législateur, ce dernier détenant seul la légitimité pour déterminer les causes qui donnent un sens à une souffrance et les douleurs qui cimentent la collectivité.

International audience ; This article explores the conditions for the emergence of a notion that has become central to administrative law, that of a victim. Until the early years of the 20th century, it was a simple element of everyday language, without any legal burden, that the administrative judge rarely used. At the same time, the doctrine shows a similar indifference towards the word victim and the reality it covers. It is then the legislator who imposes the victim's emblem on the French Conseil d'Etat and professors. A series of laws, adopted in the 1910's and providing for the compensation of serial damages, led to the emergence of a real victim vogue. The doctrine then returned to the original meaning of the victim, the sacrificial victim, the one that generates a social bond. Having become the object of administrative law, the object of doctrinal work as well as judicial decisions, the victim nevertheless struggles to become a legal person. The combined efforts of the legislator and the doctrine prevent the recognition of genuine subjective rights. At the end of this genealogical journey, the victim appears in administrative law as a separate instrument from that handled by the privatists. It is indeed presented as a "notion of mass", applied in a privileged way when repairing serial damage by laws deprived of any link to the idea of liability. It refers to the being whose suffering has its source in a particular cause, which moves the national community enough for the State to offer him/her at least partial compensation. The granting of victim status seems to be the prerogative of the legislator, the latter alone having the legitimacy to determine the causes that give meaning to suffering and the pains that cement the community. ; L'article explore les conditions d'émergence d'une notion devenue centrale en droit administratif, celle de victime. Jusqu'aux premières années du XXe siècle, elle est un simple élément du langage courant, sans charge juridique, que le juge administratif utilise rarement. A ...